JOURNAL 4: ENDOSYMBIOSIS

Week 4

 Where do the eukaryotic cell come from???

This topic of endosymbiosis will explain about it. The term of endosymbiosis itself explain where the eukaryotic generally come from. It happen when the fusion of prokaryotes causes the rising of eukaryotes. If the bacteria accidentally swallowed autotroph bacteria, it will become origin of eukaryotic plant cell. While if the bacteria accidentally swallowed heterotrophic, it became origin of eukaryotic animal cell.




It is said that origin of eukaryotic cell organelles such as mitochondria in animal and chloroplast in plant was greatly advanced by the endosymbiosis process. Thus, our lecturer had given task to compare and contrast the difference of mitochondria and chloroplast. They have difference such as in energy production, final electron acceptor, DNA chromosomal and reproduction.



Possible ancestor for chloroplast and mitochondria

Due to task given, we had to noting any similarities or differences the mitochondria and chloroplast whether the possibility of ancestor come from eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Through the activity, both organelles show more similarities to the prokaryotes ancestor which same in DNA, replication, ribosome, size and genetic code.  


Cyanobacteria and α-proteobacteria are the most closely related free-living organisms to chloroplast and mitochondria respectively.





Primary endosymbiosis & Secondary endosymbiosis

From what I heard, there is primary endosymbiosis and secondary endosymbiosis.

Primary endosymbiosis involves the engulfment of a cell by another free living organism. Secondary endosymbiosis occurs when the product of primary endosymbiosis is itself engulfed and retained by another free living eukaryote. Secondary endosymbiosis has occurred several times and has given rise to extremely diverse groups of algae and other eukaryotes.

To be simple, the engulfing causes the process called as endosymbiosis. Hope you guys understand what this topic about. 



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

JOURNAL 6: POLLINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYO

Image
Week 6 So now I will talk about plant pollination. Do you know how pollination occurs?? Which part of plants involve in pollination?? How can plant do the double fertilisation?? Pollination occurs by the agent carrier such as wind, insect or water. This agent will transfer pollen to the part of seed plant containing the ovules. Male reproductive organ are anther and filament while female reproductive organ are stigma,style and ovary. There will be 2 sperm, one of it will fertilizes the egg generating into zygote, another one will fertilizes a polar cell with 2 nuclei and generating into endosperm. This is only a short and simple introduction to this chapter. What happens to zygote after fertilization?? ---> zygotic embryogenesis ---> somatic embryogenesi s (not normally involve in development of embryo) Group Work as usual We need to compare and contrast between zygotic and somatic embryogenesis. Both process occur from different embryo but they experienc
Read more

REFLECTIVE LEARNING

A journey of growing plant. By: Adila Erwin Date: 25 January 2021   This is my first time experience to actually growing a plant. Through this journey, a lot of new information I have gained since I indulge in this plant project. What I have learned in theory class is different from the practical. This project have teach me such as the soil types, the used of rice husk, and the types of fertilizers used is depend on which stages we would like it to grow into. In addition, I also learnt some plants can be very sensitive but some can be very resistant.  This project also teach me to be more patience and find a way to solve it. During 10 or 11 weeks of growing, my plants have not yet undergo flowering stages. A single bud is still not visible. To solve this problem, I have learnt things such as providing suitable fertilizer that encourage for the flowering stages to occur.       Along the journey, I have faced several obstacles which prevent my plant from growing healthily, in which the a
Read more